INFORMATION SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

Information Systems Life Cycle can be divided into three broad categories. 

A.   SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

B.   SYSTEMS DESIGN

C.   IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

The remaining steps in the systems development process translate the solution specifications established during systems analysis and design into a fully operational information system. These concluding steps consist of programming, testing, conversion, and production and maintenance. 

1. Programming

The process of translating design specifications into software for the computer constitutes a smaller portion of the systems development cycle than design and perhaps the testing activities. But it here, in providing the actual instructions for the machine, that the heart of the system takes shape. During the programming stage, system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into program code. On the basis of detailed design documents for files, transaction and report layouts, and other design details, specifications for each program in the system are prepared. 

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Some systems development projects assign programming tasks to specialists whose work consists exclusively of coding programs. Other projects prefer programmer/ analysts who both design and program functions. Since large systems entail many programs with thousands – even hundreds of thousands – of lines of code, programming teams are frequently used. Moreover, even if an entire system can be programmed by a single individual, the quality of the software will be higher if it is subject to group review. 

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TRADITIONAL SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE

The goal of the Traditional System Life Cycle is to keep the project under control and assure that the information system produced, satisfies the requirements. The traditional system life cycle divides the project into a series of steps, each of which has distinct deliverables, such as documents or computer programs. This is known as the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The deliverables are related because each subsequent step builds on the conclusions of previous steps. Some deliverables are oriented toward the technical staff, whereas others are directed toward or produced by users and mangers. The latter ensure that users and their management are included in the system development process.                                

Although there is general agreement about what needs to be done in the traditional system life cycle, different authors name individual steps and deliverables differently. Many versions of the traditional system life cycle emphasize the building or software and de-emphasize what happens in the organization before and after software development. Because this article is directed at business professionals, its version of the traditional system life cycle emphasizes implementation and operation in the organization in addition to software development. 

The Four Phases of Traditional System Life Cycle are (Visit Table-I ):

1.   Initiation

2.   Development

3.   Implementation

4.   Operation and Maintenance 

Table-I : Phases and Steps of Traditional System Life Cycle

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